See they not how we visit the land, reducing it of its outlying parts? (When) Allah doometh there is none that can postpone His doom, and He is swift at reckoning. (13.41)Tectonic plates (click picture to enlarge)
The surface of our planet is composed of tectonic plates that are in constant change, movement, and mutual preasure. A result of these phenomena are earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes. However, Allah has provided the earth with a unique system in order to release this preassure and make this planet an inhabitable one. Allah (swt) has made part of the tectonic plates disappear under others, melting and becoming flowing magma, reappearing in oher parts of the earth in the form of volcanoes.Thus, the face of the earth undergoes a kind of lifting operation and is literally shortened in some parts of the planet like the western shores of South America.
The following is an abstract from www.sciencedirect.com
"The Central Andes of South America form the second largest high elevation plateau on earth. Extreme elevations have formed on a noncollisional margin with abundant associated arc magmatism. It has long been thought that the crustal thickness necessary to support Andean topography was not accounted for by known crustal shortening alone. We show that this may in part be due to a two-dimensional treatment of the problem. A three-dimensional analysis of crustal shortening and crustal thickness shows that displacement of material towards the axis of the bend in the Central Andes has added a significant volume of crust not accounted for in previous comparisons. We find that present-day crustal thickness between 12°S and 25°S is accounted for (10% to 3%)with the same shortening estimates, and the same assumed initial crustal thickness as had previously led to the conclusion of a 25–35% deficit in shortening relative to volume of crustal material. We suggest that the present-day measured crustal thickness distribution may not match that predicted due to shortening, and substantial redistribution of crust may have occurred by both erosion and deposition at the surface and lower crustal flow in regions of the thermally weakened middle and lower crust."
Also, a result of this thrust is the formation of mountains: (source Encyclopaedia Britannica)
"In most mountain belts, terrains have been elevated as a result of crustal shortening by the thrusting of one block or slice of crust over another and/or by the folding of layers of rock. The topography of mountain ranges and mountain belts depends in part on the amount of displacement on such faults, on the angles at which faults dip, on the degree to which crustal shortening occurs by..."
More info on the topic on: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/394808/mountain/49652/Crustal-shortening#ref=ref499662